Thursday, March 5, 2015

A Short History of Biomimicry

5 March 2015

            Robotics has taken an unexpected turn in the last few decades.  1950’s science fiction conditioned us to image of advanced technology as something completely unfamiliar and exotic.  These fictional images presented a family of devices that could and would do things we’d never even imagined.

            But pause for a moment

            Why do we need a technology to do things we don’t apparently need?  Think about it.  If we don’t know about something and can’t even imagine it, we probably don’t want or need it.

            Out of this was quietly born the new study.  That study, biotechnology, began from the understanding that we technology to perform those activities with which we are most familiar – the drudgery of repetitive tasks, and the danger of possibly injurious tasks.

            In short, we needed technology that could perform everyday tasks in the way we might perform them.  The jeeps high suspension revolutionized motorized travel over rough terrain, but no jeep could go to most of the places a walking human could easily reach. 

            In short, if you needed a machine to do what a particular biological organism can easily do, you may have to design the machine that works exactly like that biological organism – or abandon the project all together.

            Modern biorobots began about the turn of the 19th to the 20th century with a field named biomechanics.   But that certainly wasn’t the intention of its creators or researchers of the time.  They were physicists and engineers interested in one of the greatest challenges presented by nature – understanding the physics of the movement and actions of living organisms.  Describing in mathematical, engineering formulae how, for examples, human beings walk on two legs.

            This challenging endeavor would revolutionize the study of biology.  But these researchers were also doing something they did know or imagine.  They didn’t even have a word for it, but they were “reverse engineering” biological species.     

            When sci-fi was still dominated by those inhuman and unnatural versions of mechanistic technology, a new technological methodology was, quietly, born.  “Biomimetics” was the first term used to describe the development of technology designed to imitate and replicate the activities of biological systems and organisms.  Then, another term, “biomimicry,” was widely adopted to describe any technology imitating (copied from) from nature. 

            Again, in some contexts, biomimicry is more of a necessity than a choice.  If you want drones that work in a particular way, and the only known example of such performance is a biological organism, you’ll either have to imitate the organism or forget the project altogether.  So, to get flying ‘bots that maneuver the way flying insects and birds do, the ‘bots must be designed to imitate the actual form and movement of these same creatures.

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